In 1685, composer Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany.
In 1804, the French civil code, the Code Napoleon, was adopted.
In 1918, during World War I, Germany launched the Somme Offensive, hoping to break through the Allied line before American reinforcements could arrive.
In 1945, during World War II, Allied bombers began four days of raids over Germany.
In 1963, the Alcatraz federal prison island in San Francisco Bay was emptied of its last inmates at the order of Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy, after three decades of hosing some of America's most notorious criminals, including Al Capone and George "Machine Gun" Kelly.